Westport, Connecticut
Westport is a coastal town of colonial origin located on Long Island Sound in Fairfield County, Connecticut, 47 miles (76 km) northeast of New York City in the United States.[2] The town had a population of 26,391 according to the 2010 U.S. Census and in 2008 ranked the tenth wealthiest town in the U.S. with populations between 20,000 and 65,000, and second in the state.[1][3]
The Westport area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 7,500 years before the first permanent white settlers.[4] Five farmers and their families, subsequently known as the Bankside Farmers, arrived at Machamux on 1693 having followed cattle to the isolated area known to the Pequot as the "beautiful land".[5] As the settlement expanded its name changed: briefly known as "Bankside" in 1693, officially named Green's Farm in 1732 in honor of Bankside Farmer John Green and in 1835 incorporated as the Town of Westport.[4][6]
Agriculture was Westport’s first major industry; by the 19th century Westport had become a shipping center in part to transport onion to market. In the 20th century a combination of industrialization, and demand by New Yorkers attracted to fashionable Westport—which had attracted many arts and writers—saw farmers selling off their land. The Town of Westport's transition from a community of farmers to a suburban.[7][8] Westport experienced a rapid population growth from the 1950s to 1970s that was reported to be driven by the town's proximity to New York City, school system reputation, “chic New York-type fashion shopping” and the "natural beauty of the town"[9][10][11][12][13][14] By the 21st century Westport had developed into a center for finance & insurance (23%) and professional, scientific & technical services (21%)[15] The stream of services orientated companies lead to steady economic growth.
Westport is home to the Westport Country Playhouse.[4]
History
Archaeological finds led to what are currently the earliest identified inhabitants of the Westport area that date back 7,500 years.[4] Records from the first white settlers report the Pequot Indians living in the area which they called Machamux translated by the colonialists as beautiful land.[5] Settlement by colonialists dates back to the five Bankside Farmers; whose families grew and prospered into a community that continued expanding. The community had its own ecclesiastical society, supported by independent civil and religious elements, enabling it to be independent from the Town of Fairfield.[16]
During the revolutionary war—on April 25, 1777 a 1,850 strong British force under the command of the Royal Governor of the Province of New York, Major General William Tryon landed on Compo Beach to demolish the Continental Army’s military supplies in Danbury.[17] Minutemen from Westport and the surrounding areas crouched hiding whilst Tryon's troops passed and then launched an offensive from their rear. A statue on Compo beach commemorates this plan of attack with a crouching Minuteman facing away from the beach; looking onto what would have been the rear of the troops.[18]
The Town of Westport was officially incorporated on May 28, 1835 with lands from Fairfield, Weston and Norwalk.[4][19] Daniel Nash led 130 people of Westport in the petitioning of the Town of Fairfield for Westport’s incorporation. The driving force behind the petition was to assist their seaport’s economic viability that was being undermined by neighboring towns’ seaports.[20] For several decades after that, Westport was a prosperous agricultural community distinguishing itself as the leading onion-growing center in the U.S.[21] Blight caused the collapse of Westport's onion industry leading to the mills and factories replacing agricultural as the town's economic engine.[16]
Starting around 1910 the town experienced a cultural expansion.[4][13] During this period artists, musicians, and authors such as F. Scott Fitzgerald moved to Westport on account of being free of the commuting demanding experienced by business people.[22] The roots of Westport’s reputation as an arts center can be traced back to this period during which it was known as a "creative heaven."[4]
In the 1950s through to the 1970s baby boomers relocating from New York to the suburbs discovered Westport's culture of artists, musicians and authors.[13] The population grew rapidly assisted by the ease of commuting to New York City and back again to rolling hills and the "natural beauty of the town."[4][9] By this time Westport had “chic New York-type fashion shopping.”[10][12] And a school system with a good reputation all factors contributing to the growth.[11][14]
Geography and environment
According to the United States Census Bureau, Westport has a total area of 33.3 square miles (86 km2). 20.0 square miles (52 km2) or 60.02% of it is land and 13.3 square miles (34 km2) or 39.98% is water.
Westport is bordered by Norwalk on the west, Weston to the north, Wilton to the northwest, Fairfield to the east and Long Island Sound to the south.
Climate
| Climate data for Westport, Connecticut |
| Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Year |
| Record high °F (°C) |
69
(21) |
74
(23) |
85
(29) |
96
(36) |
97
(36) |
97
(36) |
102
(39) |
104
(40) |
97
(36) |
86
(30) |
82
(28) |
76
(24) |
88.75
(31.53) |
| Average high °F (°C) |
39
(4) |
42
(6) |
51
(11) |
63
(17) |
73
(23) |
81
(27) |
86
(30) |
84
(29) |
76
(24) |
65
(18) |
54
(12) |
43
(6) |
63.1
(17.3) |
| Average low °F (°C) |
20
(−7) |
22
(−6) |
29
(−2) |
39
(4) |
48
(9) |
57
(14) |
63
(17) |
61
(16) |
54
(12) |
42
(6) |
34
(1) |
25
(−4) |
41
(5.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) |
−18
(−28) |
−14
(−26) |
−6
(−21) |
16
(−9) |
28
(−2) |
35
(2) |
43
(6) |
37
(3) |
28
(−2) |
16
(−9) |
7
(−14) |
−13
(−25) |
1,982
(−9) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) |
4.0
(102) |
3.5
(89) |
4.7
(119) |
4.8
(122) |
4.7
(119) |
4.6
(117) |
4.1
(104) |
4.2
(107) |
4.9
(124) |
4.8
(122) |
4.5
(114) |
4.4
(112) |
53.2
(1,351) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) |
7.6
(19.3) |
7.8
(19.8) |
4.9
(12.4) |
0.7
(1.8) |
0
(0) |
0
(0) |
0
(0) |
0
(0) |
0
(0) |
0
(0) |
0.6
(1.5) |
4.6
(11.7) |
26.2
(66.5) |
| % humidity |
73.5 |
97.4 |
64.6 |
77.7 |
78.8 |
85.3 |
90.8 |
80.6 |
88.4 |
71.7 |
78.9 |
73.5 |
80.1 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) |
6.3 |
5.9 |
6.8 |
7.3 |
7.7 |
7.1 |
6.6 |
6.5 |
6.3 |
5.7 |
6.4 |
6.3 |
78.9 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) |
3.5 |
2.9 |
1.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.1 |
1.4 |
9.1 |
|
[23][24]
Topology
Both the train station and a total of 26 percent of town residents live within the 100-year floodplain. The floodplain was breached in 1992 and 1996 respectfully resulting in damage to private property, the 1992 flooding of the train station car park and the implementation of flood mitigation measures that include town regulations that affect renovations and additions to building within the floodplain zone.
Neighborhoods
- Saugatuck – around the Westport railroad station near the southwestern corner of the town – a built-up area with some restaurants, stores and offices. Saugatuck originates from the Paugussett tribe meaning meaning mouth of the tidal river.
- Greens Farms – is Westport's oldest neighborhood starting around Hillspoint road and ending at Westport's boundary on the east side.[5]
- Cockenoe Island (pronounced "KawKEEnee") – just off the southeastern coast of the town. Cockenoe Island was purchased by Westport for $212,740 from the United Illuminating Company in 1969 so that the company could not use the land to build a nuclear plant.[5]
- Old Hill – west of the Saugatuck River and north of the Post Road, a historic section of town with many homes from the Revolutionary and Victorian eras. Prior to the road being called the Boston Post Road it was called the Connectiocut Turnpike.[25]
- Coleytown – Located at the northern edge of town, near the Weston town line. Home to Coleytown fire station, Middle and Elementary school.
- Compo – Located around the main beach in the town, Compo Beach. Compo (Compaug), can be traced back to the early Paugussett tribe and means the bear's fishing ground.[26]
Demographics
| Historical populations |
| Year |
Pop. |
±% |
| 1840 |
1,803 |
— |
| 1850 |
2,651 |
+47.0% |
| 1860 |
3,293 |
+24.2% |
| 1870 |
3,361 |
+2.1% |
| 1880 |
3,477 |
+3.5% |
| 1890 |
3,715 |
+6.8% |
| 1900 |
4,017 |
+8.1% |
| 1910 |
4,259 |
+6.0% |
| 1920 |
5,114 |
+20.1% |
| 1930 |
6,073 |
+18.8% |
| 1940 |
8,258 |
+36.0% |
| 1950 |
11,667 |
+41.3% |
| 1960 |
20,955 |
+79.6% |
| 1970 |
27,318 |
+30.4% |
| 1980 |
25,290 |
−7.4% |
| 1990 |
24,410 |
−3.5% |
| 2000 |
25,749 |
+5.5% |
| 2010 |
26,391 |
+2.5% |
| Source: CT.gov |
As of the census of 2000, there were 26,644 people, 9,586 households, and 7,170 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,286.7 people per square mile (496.8/km²). There were 10,065 housing units at an average density of 503.0 per square mile (194.2/km²).
According to the 2010 Census, the population of Westport was 1.2% Black or African American, 92.6% White, 4.0% Asian, and 0.1% American Indian. Individuals from other races made up 0.6% of Westport's population while individuals from two or more races made up 1.6%.[27] In addition, Hispanics of any race made up 3.5% of Westport’s population. About 29.8% of Westport residents were younger than age 18 as of 2010; lower than the U.S. average of 24%.
According to the 2000 Census, there were 9,586 households, of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.1% were married couples living together, 6.8% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 25.2% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.10.
In the town the population was spread out with 27.9% under the age of 18, 2.7% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.
According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the town was $147,391, and the median income for a family was $176,740. As of the 2000 Census, males had a median income of $100,000 versus $53,269 for females. The per capita income for the town was $73,664. 2.6% of the population and 1.5% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.7% are under the age of 18 and 2.1% are 65 or older.
Westport was named the fifth top-earning city in the US, with a median family income of $193,540 and median home price of $1,200,000 in July, 2008.[28]
Government
The town switched to a Representative Town Meeting style governence in 1949. The government consists of a three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Planning and Zoning Commission, and various other commissions, boards, and committees.
Education & Science
Education
About Westport's schools (public & private) and library.
Public high school - Staples High School, Westport's only public high school, was ranked by Newsweek magazine in 2005 as 452nd on a list of the best 1,000 high schools in the country[29] (Grades 9 to 12) with 1,800 students. In the 2008-2009 school year Staples was also ranked the #1 school in Connecticut by Connecticut Magazine.[30][31] In September 2009, Bedford Middle School was awarded the government-honored Blue Ribbon Award.
Middle schools - The district has two middle schools (Grades 6 to 8) – Bedford Middle School and Coleytown Middle School – with a total of 1,321 students. There are five elementary schools (Kindergarten to Grade 5) with a total of 2,556 students:
Preschools - There are a number of preschools in Westport, including Stepping Stones Pre-school, Greens Farms Nursery School, Saugatuck Nursery School, Earthplace Nursery School and the YMCA Childcare.[37][38][39][40]
For the 2009-10 fiscal year, the school district's adopted budget is $110.6 million.[41] The school district had an estimated $109.1 million budget for the 2009-10 fiscal year, giving it an average per pupil expenditure of $16,266.[42] The average 2010 class size for kindergarden through first grade was 22 students and 25 students for second through fifth grade.[43]
Private schools - Greens Farms Academy, located in the 1920s Vanderbilt estate overlooking Long Island Sound, is a K-12 private preparatory school located in the Greens Farms section of town. Pierrepont School, opened in 2002 on Sylvan Road, is a private K-12 school for gifted students.
The Westport Public Library features changing displays of art from area artists.
Science
- The Rolnick Observatory, operated by the Westport Astronomical Society, is open to the public for free on clear Wednesday and Thursday evenings. The observatory is located at 182 Bayberry Avenue, on a former Nike missile site.[44][45]
- Earthplace, The Nature Discovery Center, is a natural history museum, nature center and wildlife sanctuary located at 10 Woodside Lane. The organization is dedicated to the promotion of public environmental education, preservation and conservation. Activities include maintaining a 62-acre (250,000 m2) open space wildlife sanctuary with trails, presenting public nature education programs, a water quality monitoring program, wildlife rehabilitation, an interactive nature discovery area, a nursery school and summer camp.
Townscape
Culture
Around 1910 the Town of Westport experienced the begining of a period during which it attracted artists, musicans, writers, and creative people.[4] These include F. Scott Fitzgerald.[4]
Arts
- The Westport Country Playhouse, founded in 1930, is a regional theater known for its excellent theatrical performances.[46] After Paul Newman moved to Westport in the 1960 he became a principle "driving force" behind the playhouse reported as "one the country’s most respected summer theaters."[46] The playhouse went through a renovation process that was completed in 2005 on its seventy-fifth anniversary.[16]
Architecture
On the National Register of Historic Places in Westport
| On the National Register of Historic Places in Westport |
| [47] |
Landmark name [48] |
Image |
Date listed |
Location |
City or town |
Summary |
| 1 |
The Allen House |
|
02010-07-22July 22, 2010 |
4 Burritt's Landing North
|
Westport |
Built in 1958, the house is the only known example in Westport of work by Chicago architect Roy Binkley, Jr..[49] |
| 2 |
Bradley-Wheeler House |
|
01984-07-05July 5, 1984 |
25 Avery Pl.
|
Westport |
Headquarters and museum of the Westport Historical Society |
| 3 |
Compo-Owenoke Historic District |
|
01991-04-19April 19, 1991 |
Roughly bounded by Gray's Creek, Compo Rd. S., and Long Island Sound
|
Westport |
|
| 4 |
Godillot Place |
|
01977-08-29August 29, 1977 |
60, 65 Jesup Rd.
|
Westport |
A Stick style house built in 1879 , an associated cottage, and a carriage barn.[50] |
| 5 |
Green Farms School |
|
01991-04-19April 19, 1991 |
Junction of Morningside Dr. S. and Boston Post Rd., In the Greens Farms
|
Westport |
Tudor Revival style school built in 1925, designed by architect Charles Cutler[51] |
| 6 |
Kings Highway North Historic District |
|
01998-08-10August 10, 1998 |
Roughly along Kings Highway, N., from Wilton Rd. to Woodside Ave.
|
Westport |
|
| 7 |
Mill Cove Historic District |
|
01991-04-19April 19, 1991 |
Between Compo Mill Cove and Long Island Sound
|
Westport |
|
| 8 |
National Hall Historic District |
|
01984-09-13September 13, 1984 |
Riverside Ave., Wilton and Post Rds.; in downtown Westport, on the west side of (and abutting) the Saugatuck River and north side of Post Road East
|
Westport |
|
| 9 |
Saugatuck River Bridge |
|
01987-02-12February 12, 1987 |
CT 136
|
Westport |
From 1884, a swinging bridge |
| 10 |
Saugatuck River Railroad Bridge |
|
01987-06-12June 12, 1987 |
Amtrak right-of-way at the Saugatuck River
|
Westport |
|
| 11 |
Shambaugh House |
|
01999-04-09April 9, 1999 |
12 Old Hill Rd.
|
Westport |
|
| 12 |
Town Hall |
|
01982-05-18May 18, 1982 |
90 Post Rd. E.
|
Westport |
The former Town Hall |
| 13 |
Westport Bank and Trust Company |
|
02006-11-06November 6, 2006 |
87 Post Rd. E., in downtown Westport
|
Westport |
|
|
Pop Culture
- It was also the fictional residence (1164 Morning Glory Circle) of Darrin and Samantha Stephens on the television series Bewitched.[52] The Twilight Zone had one episode called A Stop at Willoughby where the main character worked in NYC and commuted on the train to his home in Westport.[53] It aired on May 6, 1960, and the episode was written by then-Westport resident Rod Serling.
- One of the most popular tracks on REO Speedwagon's eponymous debut album, released on Epic Records in 1971, was "157 Riverside Avenue." The title refers to the Westport address in which the band stayed during the recording process.
- In the musical Rent, Benny is married to Alison Grey of Westport, who comes from a wealthy family.
- In the television series The West Wing, Bradley Whitford plays Josh Lyman, the White House Deputy Chief of Staff, who comes from a wealthy family from Westport.
Parks and recreation
- Comprising 234 acres (0.95 km2), Sherwood Island State Park is located on Long Island Sound and includes beach access. Compo Beach and Burying Hill Beach are municipal beaches that are open to out-of-town visitors in the summer for a fee. The state's 9/11 memorial was put in Sherwood Island State Park in Westport; on a clear day you can see the New York City skyline.[54]
Panorama of Westport town park: Longshore Club Park, taken in 2011.
- In 1960 Westport purchased Longshore Club Park.
Media
Westport's first newspaper dates back to the printing and publication of the first issue of The Saugatuck Journal on December 26, 1828.[22][55]
Westport is served by both English-language newspapers and news websites including Westport News and WestportNow, as well as the Westport Minuteman. The town is also home to a monthly magazine Westport.
Literature and film
For a more comprehensive list, see: List of Literature and films from Westport, Connecticut
Westport has been the subject, inspiration, or location for written and cinematic works.
- In 1911, part of the film The Charity of the Poor was filmed in Saugatuck[56] followed up the next year, in 1912, with the film In Time of Peril.
- Two films partially filmed in Westport during the 1950s include the 1956 movie, The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit, with Gregory Peck, based on the book by Sloan Wilson which was itself based in Westport, takes place in part and was filmed in parts of Westport. In particular, shots of the Westport Saugatuck train station can be seen, as well as a sequence towards the end of the movie showing a still recognizable Westport Main Street in the late 1950s. Followed up by the 1958 production of Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!.[57]
- The 1968 film The Swimmer starring Burt Lancaster and based on a short story by John Cheever, was partially filmed in Westport backyard pools.[58]
Notable people
For a more comprehensive list, see: List of people from Westport, Connecticut
Among the many famous actors, singers and other entertainers who have lived in town are Helen Keller and Paul Newman who was active in supporting the Westport County Theatre until his death in 2008.[63][64]Fala (1940–1952), President Franklin D. Roosevelt's dog, was an early Christmas gift from Mrs. Augustus G. Kellogg, a town resident.[65] Actress Gene Tierney grew up in Greens Farms.[66] Martha Stewart also lived in Westport for a time.[67]
Nonprofit institutions
- Save the Children, the American charity, governed entirely separately from the British charity of the same name is headquarted in Westport.[4][68]
Economy and industry
There are three periods in Westport's economic and industrial history. First was farming, then industry and manufacturing, and finally services: financial, professional, scientific, and technical.[15][69]
Farming - From 1648 with the settlement and commencement of farming at Bankside for the next two and half centuries Greens Farms flourished as an agricultural area. At its peak From 1861-1865 Westport was the largest onion seller to the U.S. Army during the Civil War in the United States. 75 farmers contributed to the onion industry that saw up to ten dollars for a barrel of white onions sold to the New York City market. 89-95 The onion industry ended with the arrival of the cutworm which wiped out the community's crop.[69]
Industrialization - in the 20th century, Westport's manufacturing activities expanded mills and factories and it became a shipping center.
Service industry - the financial services sector employs 7,171 in Westport; half of whom commute daily to Westport.[15] The financial services industry is a major segment of the local economy. The major financial services companies in Westport now are Bridgewater Associates, a global investment manager and Westport's largest employer, Canaan Partners, a leading early stage venture capital firm focusing on IT and life sciences, and BNY Mellon.[70] Professional, scientific, and technical services companies include Terex, a Fortune 500 company manufacturing industrial equipment and offering professional and technical services around those products, Playtex Products Inc. concentrating on feminine, infant, and skin care products, and dLife, a multimedia diabetes education (and marketing) company.
Transportation
Interstate 95, the Merritt Parkway and U.S. 1, as well as the Saugatuck River, run through Westport.
Westport has two train stations, Green's Farms and Westport on the Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line, which serves Stamford and Grand Central Terminal in New York City or New Haven-Union Station. This line is shared with Amtrak trains as it is part of the Northeast Corridor, but no Amtrak services stop at Green's Farms or Westport. The nearest Amtrak stations are at Bridgeport (10 miles) and Stamford (12 miles).
Westport station is the more widely used of the two, even among people living geographically closer to Green's Farms, mainly because more trains stop there. The wait for a parking sticker at the Westport station is now four to five years.[71]
Sister cities
Westport currently has three sister cities:
References
- ^ a b "Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Westport town, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2. http://factfinder2.census.gov. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
- ^ Ann Kerns (24 October 2006). Martha Stewart. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-0-8225-6613-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=SIPeZPZ7O1wC&pg=PA45. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Sherman, Lauren (9 December 2008). "In Depth: Twenty Most Affluent U.S. Neighborhoods". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2008/12/08/america-affluent-neighborhoods-forbeslife-cx_ls_1209realestate_slide_12.html. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
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- ^ a b Powell, Mike (2007). "Westport, Conn., Buying Guide". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/ref/realestate/nabe-westport.html. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
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- ^ Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmark sites and National Register of Historic Places Districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
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- ^ a b Jennings. pp. 39.
- ^ "Bridgewater, Town’s Largest Employer, Could Be Leaving". WestportNow. 9 July 2010. http://westportnow.com/index.php?/v2/comments/bridgewater_towns_largest_employer_could_be_leaving/. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
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